The Influence of Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation on the Turnover Dissertation

The Influence of Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation on the Turnover Intent at Bourne Leisure Ltd - Dissertation Example While most of the intrinsic motivational factors (work content, working conditions, and managerial support) along with employee benefits brought about positive responses, mixed findings were acquired in relation to the amount of pay along with recognition. It has been recommended that the organization focuses on both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards for employee retention. Background of the Study Turnover of employees has become a persistent occurrence that has led to adverse consequences for organizations worldwide (Collins and Smith, 2006). The loss of competent and qualified workers has been associated with the decrease of quality, innovation, productivity and performance with regards to a company’s delivery of service. Consequently, client dissatisfaction can be expected as well (Lin and Chang, 2005). Furthermore, according to Abbasi, Hollman, and Hayes (2008), employee turnover requires a considerable amount of costs attributed to selection and recruitment along with the training of new employees. Therefore, employee turnover has been considered as one of the most critical managerial problems in the current workplace (Pfeffer and Sutton, 2006). Given such unfavorable outcomes, it has become common for studies to focus on identifying the factors that contribute to employee turnover (Holtom, Mitchell, Lee, and Eberly, 2008). These findings from research are highly r elevant for organizations and their managers for directing their efforts towards reducing the rate of voluntary turnover among their workers. A wide range of studies in various fields, including psychology and economics, have led to significant findings for understanding employee turnover that include demographic factors, the relationship between the employee and employer, satisfaction with one’s job or work-related stressors (Griffeth, Hom, and Gaertner, 2000; Kuvaas, 2008; Podsakoff, LePine, and LePine, 2007). However, despite the considerable number of studies that aimed to explore voluntary turnover among employees, the direction of their outcomes widely differ based on the population or a given situation, hence implying that employee turnover is influenced by a wide range of predictors. One

The primary focus will be on the comprehensiveness of understanding Essay

The primary focus will be on the comprehensiveness of understanding the many components that are necessary to consider when desi - Essay Example The content of what children are taught in preschool and the method of teaching, or the curriculum is what measures the effectiveness and quality of learning in preschools. Programs focusing on serving 3- and 4-year-olds should decide the content of what children learn, as well as the best way to learn, if they are to improve children’s school success by enhancing their early skills and knowledge. The aim of this paper is to offer a framework that those making decisions can make use of when evaluating curriculums that would be suitable for a preschool program. Definition and scope of a preschool Children’s Health Encyclopedia defines a preschool as ‘an early childhood program in which children combine learning with play in a program run by professionally trained adults.’ Common enrolment years are children aged between ages three and five. Kids as young as two can attend preschools. While a daycare is to enable parents to work, preschool emphasis is on lear ning and development. Before the 1960s, education of young children was primarily the role of families within the home. Nowadays, most young children spend a big part of their time away from their parents. This may partly be attributed to an increase in the number of mothers working away from home. Parents also feel the desire to give their children a head start academically. The qualities of a good preschool, according to the National Institute for Early Education Research are: Helping children to expand their knowledge and build on their vocabulary Focus on literacy and language skills, plus and interactive book reading An emphasis on teaching children basic problem solving skills Learning beginning skills involving the alphabet, numerals and spatial awareness Preschools with the above qualities are only possible when the curriculum designed is good enough. That means the curriculum designer or decision-maker has in mind, the child, the parents and the teacher. For instance, when involving parents, the curricula can help make program-family partnerships or set up continuous meaningful communication with families. Curricular decisions should consider children’s ages, learning needs, cultural and linguistic backgrounds and economic status. Prior experience and training for the teacher is also important. Components of a Preschool Curriculum Given the many types of curriculum models available, there is an uncertainty regarding which models are appropriate for young children overall or more understandable to the population of the three and four year olds. Though the fields of early childhood advocates for programs that utilize what are known as Developmentally Appropriate Practices (Bredekampe & Kopple, 1997), it has not much research to endorse any single curriculum model as the best. Additionally, not a single state government or federal body directs use of just one particular curriculum in the publicly funded preschool programs. When the term curriculum is left undefined it may be very difficult to know what should be learned. It is also hard to sketch â€Å"the set of goals which are the aims of education for children† (as cited in Spodek & Saracho, 2003) in their programs, and what supports the â€Å"children’s physical, social, emotional, and cognitive growth† (as cited in Bowman et al., 2001). The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and the National Associ