Unethical Behavior in Accounting free essay sample

Accounting could best be described as a type of mechanism or language put in place in order to provide information with regards to the financial position of an organization or business. This type of information is critical to investors as it provides them with important and detailed information that could turn out to be the determining factor as to their decisions to invest or not to invest in a particular organization. Therefore, it is not uncommon to find unethical behavior in accounting as unethical practices come in different forms. Different situations that might lead to unethical practices in accounting include: †¢Misleading financial analysis in order to obtain personal gains †¢Misuse of funds †¢Exaggerating revenue †¢Purposely providing erroneous information in regards to expenses †¢Exaggerating the value of corporate assets †¢Purposely providing erroneous information in regards to liabilities †¢Securities fraud †¢Bribery Manipulation of financial markets †¢Inside trading Two examples of unethical practices in accounting are those of the 2002 Enron / Andersen and the WorldCom scandal. We will write a custom essay sample on Unethical Behavior in Accounting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Both of these companies were involved in unethical accounting practices. While Enron was accused of a vast number of shady dealings that included concealing debts in order keep them from being reflected on the company’s accounts, WorldCom’s accounting practices were so fraudulent that the company was led into the largest bankruptcy in history. Unethical accounting practices and scandals of the caliber of the Enron / Andersen and the WorldCom scandals is what led the U. S. government to get involved and at the same time contributed to the government’s creation of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002. The Sarbanes – Oxley Act was created by the government with the intention to bring to an end unethical behavior by implementing strict auditing rules in accounting. However, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 addresses problems in the private sector; it does not address concerns in the public sector. The act has a noticeable impact on financial statements and it is to the benefit of investors, as the Sarbanes – Oxley act helps protect investors by forcing firms to disclose accurate information in regards to corporate disclosure, specifically that of financial statements.

Analysis of US in Vietnam essays

Analysis of US in Vietnam essays Eugene Joseph McCarthy served his country in a wide variety of ways. Although not his most historically remebered achievement, McCarthy was in attendance in the foreign relations committee that would decide the fate of several thousand America soldiers. He voted like most of his colleges, in an almost unanimous decision, in favor of the Golf of Tokin Resolution. Eugene McCarthy was born in Watkins, Minnesota. After a rather uneventful childhood, McCarthy was taught at the College of St. Thomas in St. Paul in his home state. McCarthy entered politics as a Democrat. He served five terms in the US House of Representatives from 1949 to 1959. In 1959 he left the house and became a Senator. It was not long before he had gained a reputation for being an intense liberal. In 1964 McCarthy voted in favor of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution but in 1966 he began a series of speeches in opposition to President Johnson's policy in Vietnam. The next year, he became a candidate for the Democratic Presidential nomination. He ran on a platform of supporting a negotiated peace in Vietnam. His campaign was well received among college student which lead to him doing very well in the primaries. McCarthy lost the nomination to Hubert Humphrey. After the crushing defeat McCarthy retired from the Senate in 1971. He then returned to his first love, teaching. Attempt ing to reenter politics, he ran independently for President in 1976 and ran in a Senate primary in 1982, but was unsuccessful in both attempts. America has been struck a terrible blow from the communists in North Vietnam. Only a few days ago the USS was struck by North Vietnamese torpedos. Americas position in Vietnam began shortly after the second world war. Vietnam was a French colony until the war began. It was subsequently taken by the Japanese when the fighting began. Before the war ended the Veitminh had formed, under the command of Ho Chi Minh, in Vietnam and even helped the Americans...

Benetton Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Benetton - Speech or Presentation Example Their usage of technology and the media is the greatest, bearing in mind that Benetton’s main tool of advertisement is the media; it will be easy to sell the Group’s products to them. In order to maintain Benetton’s competitive edge, the company has to make important strategic positioning changes. Europe is Benetton’s biggest market, however, the cost of running business in Europe is quite high, and the profit margins are minimal. Thus, it would be wise to cut the expenses in Europe. The Asian market provides Benetton with a large population to which it can sell its products. In spite of the Asian countries providing varying characteristics and regulations, the market shows expansive development in the retail sector that Benetton can take advantage of and sell more of its products. (Suh & Howard, 2013). The developing aspect of the Asian market presents a favourable offering that Benetton can occupy with the help of the funds it saves from the spending reduction in Europe. Moreover, the competition in Asian markets is not as harsh as that in Europe where Benetton’s competitors have established themselves. The Benetton Group has to improve its standing with more utilisation of the green strategy. One thing for sure is that it has to develop products that are environmental friendly and show dedication to the green strategy. Thus, it has to remodel the strategy around its products by signing with recognised labels. These labels have to show the company’s eco-friendliness. As noted by Garcia (2015) there number of eco-labels globally stands at 437. Using recognised labels like Energy Star in the U.S. will help Benetton to improve believability to its advertisements especially the benefits its products have on the environment. Especially at such a time when people are more aware of the importance of the environment in their lives with the effects of global warming and climate change. With the continued digitalisation of nearly every aspect of day-to-day

Library Information Studies-Management of Information Agencies Assignment

Library Information Studies-Management of Information Agencies (Subject name)-Case study organisational culture - Assignment Example Currently, the organization faces challenges in technological and service delivery. There are hitches in communication with users. Furthermore, a majority of employees are about to retire. Additionally, poor management seems to be a concern from the previous management. There are several elements that denote the culture present in an organization. According to Daft (2007), beliefs, values, assumptions, language, rituals, physical structures and stories are the elements of organizational culture. These elements speak volumes about what an organization deems relevant as it runs its daily activities (Stueart, & Moran, 2007). Beliefs and values indicate what an organization guides its activities along. Furthermore, assumptions indicate what an organization takes to be critical in relation to its existence. Language, rituals, stories and physical structures refer to the artifacts of organizational culture. This means that there are routines and activities that denote an organization. Artifacts highlight the ability to attain the goals and objectives of an organization (Stueart, & Moran, 2007). In the context of the public library, in question, there are several elements that are clear. The elements are clear in the team and employee aspects of the organization. Additionally, the library seems to have been relying on an aging workforce. This is an element of organization culture that indicates the beliefs and values in relation to the workforce. However, the element of language comes out properly in relation to communication. The public library faces issues with meeting and communicating with user groups. The dwindling levels of communication indicate an issue with the culture of the organization at the moment. Additionally, the public library has issues relating with its physical structures. Physical structures denote the general outlook of an organization and the impact on performance. In this scenario, the library has many

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Business Law - Essay Example This also helps to provide a clear indication about the intention or willingness of acceptance of certain rules and regulations by both the parties through a mutual understanding. If any misinterpretation occurs within the agreement then it might hamper both the parties resulting in uncertainty and misinterpretation of the law3. In addition to agreement, capacity is also the other significant element of a contract. It is referred as the capability of both the parties to come into a legally requisite contract. Other than this, intention of both the parties also offers a considerable role in the contract. This part mainly describes the key purposes of both the parties present within the contract5. Formalities are another considerable component of a contract which mainly describes that a contract may be created either in written or in oral form. Besides, the written form is more efficient as it helps to reduce the activities of frauds5. This can be reduced only when both the parties wit hin a contract are mutually in accord with one–another leading to concurrence of will. ... All the above constituents are equally important for making a contract legitimate and breach of one of these factors may result in a void agreement5. Application of the Law to the Case The case study presented in the assignment does not follow all the elements of a contract in an effective way. The case study mainly highlights a contract of selling a refurbished bicycle within Australia and so it needs to conform to various rules and regulations of Australian Contract Law. It was a transpiring business understanding between a university student named Peter and owner of ‘tourbikes’, Sally. Both the parties were well capable to enter into a mutual agreement. Besides, the intention of both the parties was entirely different from one another. The purpose of Peter was to purchase a bicycle in order to retain the part-time job as a courier, which might prove highly beneficial for him to pay for the fees of his university. In addition, the main consideration of Peter was that h e wished to purchase a bicycle within an amount of AU$5000. He desired to purchase a bicycle model named as Cadel Evans ‘GF’ only to fulfill his inclinations whereas Sally’s key perception was to sell off the bicycle at any cost. On the other hand, the intention of Sally was to sell the bike in order to pay off the amount taken as a credit. In the provided scenario, a proper offer as well as acceptance was not made from either of the interested parties i.e. Peter or Burt. Moreover, there was no proper agreement reached between the interested parties and the seller Sally. Sally also did not make a proper communication to Peter before delivering the bike to his house, which depicts certain lack of consideration on behalf of Sally as Peter did

Impact Of Internet Journalism In West Africa Media Essay

Impact Of Internet Journalism In West Africa Media Essay Communication studies, according to Wikipedia(2011),is an  academic field  that deals with the processes of  communication commonly defined as the sharing of  symbols  over distances in space and time. Hence, a communication study encompasses a wide range of topics and contexts ranging from face-to-face conversation  to speeches to mass media outlets such as  television broadcasting. Communication studies, as a discipline, are also often interested in how audiences interpret information and the political, cultural, economic, and social dimensions of speech and language in context. Journalism is one of the branches of communication studies which have to do with proper or in depth investigating and reporting of events and issues to a large (broad) audience. Journalism like other discipline is guided by some ethics; the idea behind journalism is to accurately inform the masses or citizenry on an event or issue that concerns them. According to Wikipedia (2011), in modern society, news media has become the chief purveyor of information and opinion about public affairs; but the role and status of journalism, along with other forms of mass media, are undergoing changes resulting from the Internet, especially Web 2.0. Still on the Wikipedia (2011), the Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail. Most traditional communications media including telephone, music, film, and television are reshaped or redefined by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and IPTV. Newspaper, book and other print publishing are adapting to Web site technology, or are reshaped into blogging and web feeds. Although, internet journalism was practiced by some journalists which made little or no impact on the audience, but the September 11 attack on the US world trade centre brought it to limelight. Thus, this made internet journalism the most effective in the communication industries. According to Allan (2002), Journalism after September 11 examines how the traumatic attacks of that day continue to transform the nature of journalism, particularly in the United States and Britain. In Nigeria, it brings together an internationally respected group of scholars and media commentators to explore journalisms present and future by engaging with such pressing issues as trauma, free speech, censorship, patriotism, impartiality and celebrity. Journalism after September 11  raises vitally important questions regarding what journalism can and should look like today. In providing answers, it addresses topics such as: journalism and public life at a time of crisis; the role of sources in shaping the news; reporting by global news media, such as CNN; current affairs broadcasting; news photography and trauma; the emotional well-being of reporters; as well as a host of pertinent issues around news, democracy and citizenship. In her article, Bunz (2009), said journalists are coming to terms with the internet changing the way they research, organise their workflow and distribute their content. The biggest publications all over Europe have, for example, Twitter channels, led by the UK with nearly 70% and followed by nearly 40% in the Netherlands. 35% use blogs to research stories and 13.5% even have their own independent blog. In Nigeria, Some media organizations have already established a strong presence in the internet. For example, The Guardian Newspapers (www.ngrguardiannews.com), The Thisday Newspaper group (www.thisdayonline.com), The Independent Newspaper group (www.independentng.com), New Age Newspaper (www.newage-online.com) and so on have continued to be veritable sources of news and information to both Nigerians at home and abroad. However, the speed and spread of internet network in Nigeria are still not in comparable to that of the developed countries. The unstable state of the internet in Nigeria is another great challenge facing the masses which makes it difficult for an average Nigerian to log in the above websites in search of news. The Nigeria internet providers like mtn, glo, celtel, starcomm etc continue to maintain or work on their net to make sure they satisfy their customers in terms of making it more efficient and faster. Though these internet providers work hard to maintain their network, it can be said that they are not there yet. With this inefficiency in the internet, the journalists will find it difficult to communicate through. Few people who can afford a laptop or computer will be reluctant to pay their monthly subscription from the internet providers, then an average Nigerian who pay an exorbitant amount in a cyber cafe for an airtime to browse the internet will be disappointed because of the slow or inconsistency of the network. The media were and are still facing a lot of challenges which will definitely take years to overcome. In his book, Agbese (2006), said the commonest forms of communication technologies in the 1990s were fax machine, pagers, personal computer and Telephone. These technologies helped with communication and production. However these technologies were not readily available to everyone in Nigerian media houses. Most times only top staffs and owners had access to or owned form of communication technology. In the early to mid-1990s, computers were not available to all members of the staff. Most media had just one computer which only the typist had access to, to prepare stories for the publication. Lately, according to Nworah (2011), it can be said therefore that the Nigerian media are measuring up with their counterparts in other parts of the world by maintaining strategic presence on the information super highway. But any such attempt at rubbing shoulders with the western media stops just with the internet sites which some Nigerian media organisations have managed to set up as other facilities and resources are still largely unavailable to Nigerian journalists. For example, company sponsored laptop computers with mobile internet access, digital recording devices, open access mobile telephones and salaries that take into consideration global trends, market prices and national inflation rates. Again, for internet journalism to sway or be successful in Nigeria, the concepts of the popularised FAN (free readers association of Nigeria) need to be eradicated. The acronym is used to refer to the practice where people cluster around newspaper vendors stand to read newspapers and maga zines without actually buying any one. This in a sense show or reflect the socio-economic situation which an average Nigerian finds himself or herself into. An average Nigerian cannot afford a laptop and going to the cyber cafe to pay for an air time to listen or read news amidst the huge amount paid for the air time and the inconsistency of the internet is unthinkable. This in a large extent affects internet journalism among the media organization in Nigeria. Nworah (2011), also opined that The matter of indifference among the Nigerian masses is largely compounded by the fact that Nigerian advertisers have not yet started taking advantage of the opportunities presented by the internet, to advertise their products and services in the websites of some of these media organisations, only a few advertisers are doing this at the moment, it was hoped that such advertisements may actually increase to a height so that the free news now readily available on the internet can be subscribed for and also to make up for the shortfall from the hard copy sales. Nevertheless, the advent of internet may permit readers to log on to the websites and then freely read any newspaper or magazine of their choice, but this obviously will have a huge negative impact on revenues as less hard copies will be bought and the great lost will be on the media organization. The fear definitely deters media organization from using internet journalism as the lost from hard copy will negatively affect them. Looking at the way internet journalism has affected communication and the masses of the developing country like Nigeria, can this be said of other countries in West Africa? This research proposal will explore the impact of internet journalism so far in Nigeria and the effects on the media organizations and the masses. RESEARCH AIM: The aim of this research proposal is to evaluate the effects and impacts of internet journalism in West Africa, thus using Nigeria as the country to be studied. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: This research proposal will base its questions on the following: How effective has internet journalism proven among the journalists in Nigeria? What impacts have internet journalism on the masses (audience) of Nigeria? Has the non stability of internet helped the Nigerian journalists in accessing stories efficiently? How often an average Nigerian does has access to the internet? RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS: (a)(i).This research will consider the null that Internet journalism has proven effective among the journalists in Nigeria. (a)(ii).The alternative hypothesis is that the internet journalism has not proven effective among the journalists in Nigeria. (b)(i).This research will consider the null that the internet journalism has impacts on the masses (audience) of Nigeria. (b)(ii).The alternative hypothesis is that the internet journalism has no impacts on the masses (audience) of Nigeria. (c)(i).The research will consider the null that the non stability of the internet has not helped the journalists to access stories efficiently. (c)(ii).The alternative hypothesis is that the non stability of the internet has helped the journalists to access stories efficiently. (d)(i).The research will consider the null that an average Nigerian does not have access to the internet. (d)(ii).The alternative hypothesis is that an average Nigerian does have access to the internet. Deliverables: As it has been described in the objectives of the research project, the main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects and impacts of internet journalism in Nigeria, West Africa. The final product of this research project will be a report, containing the effects of Internet Journalism in Nigeria, West Africa. Research Methodology: Different 150 internet news readers in Nigeria will be approached to collect the data. There are two kinds of data. Primary data Secondary data Primary data includes the information from the respondents. This also includes responses by the different age groups and geographical locations in the country. Secondary data will tell about the impact of Internet journalism in Nigeria. To collect the data, different newspaper companies will be contacted. Similarly, to assess the changes in internet journalism, their website users views will also be found out. The tools to collect this data will be the surveys. For this, website users and newspaper customers will be interviewed, where as to know the views of customers, different questionnaires will be prepared to ask them different questions. To analyze the collected data, different statistical techniques will be used. Resources: The most important thing to carry out any research project is to know the background, research objectives, and research methodology of the research project. For this literature is searched out. The University Library will be the primary source to review the literature. Books in hard and soft form will be obtained from the library. Similarly, different research journals and articles in the library will be valuable assets to prepare a comprehensive research report. To prepare the questionnaires, surveys done by the newspaper companies to know views of customers, will be used. Similarly new questionnaires, depending on the situation, will also be prepared. Project Plan: The project is divided into three stages. Literature review Interviews of newspaper customers Report writing Literature Review: To carry out any research project, a research must be able to review the literature. This makes researcher aware of work, done by other people in the respective field. The main source of literature is the journals, in which different researchers publish their findings of problems. Interviews of newspaper customers: In order to know the effects and impacts of internet journalism in Nigeria, West Africa, the users of different newspaper websites will be interviewed. They will be asked about the positive and negative points of internet journalism. Similarly, customer views will be taken through the interviews. Considering all these views, suggestion to improve the internet journalism will be advised. Report writing: The final product of the research project will be a written report. The structure of my report will be divided in following categories, Introduction: In the introduction, history of internet journalism will be discussed and how different newspapers implement internet journalism will be discussed. Aims and objectives: In this part of report, purpose of the research project will be stated very clearly; what are the aims of the study and what are the problems, which will be discussed in the report. Research methodology: This is the core part of the report. After stating the problem, different research methodologies will be explained to gather the data. The primary source will be the interviews of the customers and internet news readers. From these interviews, impact of internet journalism in Nigeria, West Africa will be assessed. The questions asked to customers will be provided in the appendix of report. Conclusions: After describing the problems and research methods, suggestion will be advised to eliminate or solve the highlighted problems. Risk: In order to carry out any research project, it is very important to study all the aspects of the project. One of the main aspects regarding any project is the risks involved. There are also some risks involved, regarding the research project under consideration. One risk can be privacy. Newspaper companies employees can be duty-bound and show reluctance to give information about their websites. Impact and Beneficiaries of Research: The main objective of this research activity is to investigate the effects and impacts of internet journalism in Nigeria, West Africa. This research can be very helpful for the information sector

Cuban Missle Crisis Essay -- essays research papers

Cuban Missile Crisis Nikita Khrushchev and the Cuban Missile Crisis The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 was the closest the world ever came to full-scale nuclear war. When the Soviet Union placed offensive nuclear missiles in Cuba, President Kennedy interpreted the act as one of hostility that would not be tolerated. However, the situation was blown way out or proportion by the president, American media, and ultimately the citizens of the United States. The Soviet Premier, Nikita Khrushchev, was reacting to the Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba, US Missile installations along the Turkey/Soviet border, and the clear anti-Communist policy of the United States. Khrushchev was born in Kalinovka in southwestern Russia. He was raised in a poor family whose income depended solely on the coal mining job of his father. In 1918 he joined the Bolsheviks and attended a Communist school the following year. He moved to Moscow in 1929 and began working for the Communist government. He gained much praise and advanced quickly. B y 1939, he was a member of the Politburo. He became Secretary of the of the Central Committee in 1951. After Stalin died in 1953, the USSR went through two more premiers before Khrushchev came to power in 1958. As Premier, Khrushchev publicly condemned the terror filled reign of Stalin. Stalin continually pushed for domination. Several Eastern European countries united with the USSR under Stalin’s reign and millions of innocent people were slain. Stalin also restricted Soviet citizens personal liberties to previously unheard of measures. Khrushchev was a completely different ruler. He acridly criticized Stalin’s crimes against humanity and began a rapid process known as destalinization. This entailed destroying statues, pictures, or images of Stalin and renaming most things previously named for Stalin. Khrushchev also restored many of the personal liberties that Stalin had taken away. He let political prisoners free, restored much freedom of thought, and restored freed om of the press. He increased production in factories and placed a strong emphasis on the Soviet space program. Although he had little pity for small, weak Europe and Asian countries, he worked to avoid war with Western nations. He even called for a â€Å"peaceful coexistence† with the United States. Khrushchev, despite being communist, was concerned for the welfare of his country and did no... ...ve the missiles if the US missiles were also removed. This created intense public opposition to the Soviet leader as he was made out to be much more militant than he actually was. He was simply fighting fire with fire, but the government and media prevented the public from having the truth. It looks almost like a blatant attempt to manipulate the American public by over-dramatizing a situation for which US government was predominately responsible. Kennedy threatened invasion and he would have had support of the entire nation if he had proceeded with this plan. Khrushchev obviously didn’t want war as he eventually agreed to remove the missiles and allow the US to have a nuclear advantage. Why would Khrushchev agree to remove the missiles without any US promise to remove their missiles or not to invade Cuba? The answer is obvious. Khrushchev did not want war with the United States. He was a vast improvement over Stalin as a Premier and had restored much freedom to his countr y. He wasn’t a mad killer like Stalin and simply wanted to protect the citizens of his country, unlike Stalin had. The US government, however, wanted the media and public to think otherwise. They succeeded.

Root Causes of the Holocaust and Wwii

WWII and the Holocaust were two key events of the 20th century. Each had their own causes and historical factors leading up to their development. While the two events occurred close to each other each developed independently and neither was cause for the other. Anti-Jewish prejudice has a long history and was present in Germany long before WWII. The German people elected the Nazi party and it was its rise to power that lead to WWII. The Nazi party had many other strange policies that, while not as extreme as the Jewish policies, were odd and extreme in different way.The roots of WWII are based on the Nazi party’s economic policies and not as a mask for genocide. Therefore WWII was not a cause of the Holocaust and it was not used as a mask for the Holocaust. Prejudice against Jews has existed from pre B. C. times through the Holocaust to the present day. There are countless examples throughout history of Jewish persecution. One of the earliest references to other nationalities persecuting Jews is told in the Bible’s Book of Exodus. The Exodus of the Israelites (Jews) from Egypt is the theme described in the above-mentioned book after the Egyptians treated them as slaves.In the First Crusade, 1096, communities on the Rhine and the Danube were utterly destroyed. In the Second Crusade, 1147, the Jews in France were subject to frequent massacres. The Jews were also subjected to attacks by the Shepherds’ Crusades of 1251 and 1320. The Crusades were followed by expulsions, including in, 1290, the banishing of all English Jews; in 1396, 100,000 Jews were expelled from France; and, in 1421 thousands were expelled from Austria. These examples show how throughout history Jews have been persecuted and discriminated against by various nations.Several European writers twisted Darwin’s Theory of Evolution to suggest there was a hierarchy of races with Jews at the bottom. â€Å"In addition, misuse of the theory of evolution was an important factor in the extreme forms of racism, especially that against blacks and Jews, that flourished at the turn of the century and for many years beyond. † This quotation helps support the idea that The Theory of Evolution has been used in only extreme cases of racism and the Nazi party used this theory to prove that Jews are inferior.Jews have been portrayed as moneylenders and manipulators of financial systems. In Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, the character Shylock is a Jew and seen as the villain of the story. To begin with the Merchant of Venice, for most of the history of the reception of the play, Shylock has been seen as fundamentally an unsympathetic character if not a villain. He is also often seen as a caricature of a grasping, vicious and resentful Jew. The debate is not about whether or not Shylock is bad, but really is about whether Shylock is bad because he is a bad Jew or bad because he is simply a Jew.This quotation, as said by Hussein Ibish, proves that even Shak espeare was racist towards Jews. This is another historical example that the Nazis used to suggest that the Jews were the cause of the poor German economy. The Nazi party tapped into shared German feelings of the above points to rise in popularity with the voters. The Nazi party utilized the German people’s prejudices and worries to get democratically elected. Due to the Treaty of Versailles that ended WWI, Germany was sentenced to make payments to the victors.This crushed the German economy and made the people unhappy and in search of someone who could bring them out of this mess. The Nazi party rose in popularity due to poor economic conditions and the people’s fear of the rise of the communist party given the mess that Russia was in due to communism. In December of 1928, Joseph Goebbels posted an essay to persuade the Germans not to buy goods from the Jews. The essay was called â€Å"Deutsche, kauft nur bei Juden! † When translated, it means â€Å"Germans: D on’t buy from the Jew! He believed the Jews produced bad quality goods and would cheat you out of a good price. Because the Jew sells cheap, but shoddy merchandise, whereas the German sets a proper price for good merchandise. Because the Jew cheats you, whereas the German treats you fairly and honestly. Because you can buy all sorts of trash from the Jew, but the German sells mostly only quality goods. The Nazi party promised a solution to the economic problem that was affecting all of Germany. In 1928 the Nazi party came in 2nd and by the 1932 election they won the majority of seats. The economy was still in crisis.In the election of July 1932, the Nazi Party won 37% of the Reichstag seats, thanks to a massive propaganda campaign. For the next six months, the most powerful German leaders were embroiled in a series of desperate political maneuverings. Ultimately, these major players severely underestimated Hitler's political abilities. It was the people of Germany that put Na zi party in power which caused them to takeover and become greedy with power. In January 1933 Hitler was appointed German Chancellor. In the March 1933 final election the parliament votes to give Chancellor total power putting an end to the Catholic party.Later that year, President Hindenburg died and Hitler blended the two roles of President and Chancellor under the title of Der Fuhrer. The people had so much faith in the Nazi party that they allowed them to take complete control by democratic elections. The people voted in the Nazi party which allowed them to enact numerous extreme policies. The Nazi party also had many other oppressive policies at this time besides the anti-Jewish ones. The party promoted removing women from the workforce to help male employment rates and offered money to women to have kids; more kids more money.The money came from taxing single men and childless families heavily. On November 14, 1935 a law was passed banning German marriage to gypsies, negroes a nd people of mixed race (this would include jews). NOVEMBER 14, 1935? NUREMBERG LAW EXTENDED TO OTHER GROUPS? The first supplemental decree of the Nuremberg Laws extends the prohibition on marriage or sexual relations between people who could produce â€Å"racially suspect† offspring. A week later, the minister of the interior interprets this to mean relations between â€Å"those of German or related blood† and Roma (Gypsies), blacks, or their offspring.This policy displays how the Nazi party was not just racist towards Jews, but they viewed themselves as the dominant race above all others. Women were expected to have at least 4 children and if they did they received a medal every year on the birthday of Hitler’s grandmother. The Nazi party also forced teachers to follow revised textbooks. School lessons were based on Nazi ideas. Math problems involved calculations about bombing targeted countries such as Poland and killing invalids. Schools were single sex and girls were educated much differently.They studied no foreign languages and the only subjects they were taught related to cooking and childcare. By changing the textbooks for children in school is made Germans look good in history; history has to show they are the superior race and make up for the fact that they lost WWI. The Nazi party also banned Mickey Mouse and Disney movies. The fate of Mickey Mouse under the Third Reich offers a bizarre insight into the impact of Nazi policies relating to the media and the control of ideas. †¦ Hitler ordered the Disney films featuring him and other cartoon characters to be banned.The Nazis accused Walt Disney himself of having Jewish ancestry and feared that his innocent-seeming cartoons threatened Germans with being ‘infected by undesirable cultural influences’. Even more striking is the interpretation that Mickey Mouse †¦ could be seen as positively symbolizing the Jewish ‘outsider† overcoming adversity and that, Hitler loathed the portrayal of the mouse as clean and harmless since his propaganda machine was focused on representing Jews as dirty vermin. Walt Disney was thought to be a Jew and mice are vermin, like Jews.This goes to show how twisted the minds of the Nazi party really were to ban an innocent cartoon character because of what it could be morphed to stand for. It wasn’t until 1941, well after the start of the war, that the Nazis decided to kill the Jews and began sending them to extermination camps in eastern European countries such as Poland. This was the Holocaust. This policy was created by Hitler’s senior officers in the party (Himmler, Heydrich and Eichmann) and Hitler allowed it. This policy was not made public and only after the war ended was the full extent of it discovered.The Nazi party also had extreme solutions for their economic issues. The attention of the Belgian, Czechoslovak, G reek, Jugoslav, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norwegian, Polish, Sovie t, United Kingdom and United States Governments and also of the French National Committee has been drawn to numerous reports from Europe that the German authorities, not content with denying to persons of Jewish race in all the territories over which their barbarous rule has been extended, the most elementary human rights, are now carrying into effect Hitler’s oft-repeated intention to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe.This was the most extreme of the policies, but it was just another policy, not the idea intended from the start. The above policies show that the Nazis could provide extreme solutions and this will be shown in their economic solutions as well. The true cause of WWII flows from the Nazi party solution to Germanys economic problems. The Nazi solution to shortages was to create a plan to acquire more land and raw materials. I today present the following as the new Four-Year Plan.In four years Germany must be wholly independent of foreign areas in those mater ials which can be produced in any way through German ability, through our chemical and machine industry, as well as through our mining industry. The re-building of this great German raw material industry will serve to give employment to the masse. This quotation was a proclamation from Hitler proving that the Nazis was not just simply to take over. They were mainly focused on acquiring more raw materials. Germany deployed the strategy by taking over Austria, parts of France and Czechoslovakia. He attached Austria to Germany in just few days, without the help of his army. In fact his generals were against an Austrian invasion. Italy was supposed to defend Austria; they had a pact. Italy did not respond; not against Hitler. † Britain and France continued to let Hitler expand more in hopes he would soon be satisfied, but their assumptions were wrong and he continued to expand. In an effort to avoid war, the leaders of several European countries met in Munich to discuss how to avo id war and establish a peaceful Europe.Hitler demanded parts of Czechoslovakia be absorbed into Germany, and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain agreed, giving Hitler a chunk of Czechoslovakia that was home to three million ethnic Germans. With these deal in place, Chamberlain believed he had satisfied the German war machine. Germany expanded into other countries while Britain and France foolishly allowed it. Germany invading Poland was finally too much for Britain and France to handle so on September 3, 1939 they declared war. At 4:45 a. . , some 1. 5 million German troops invade Poland all along its 1,750-mile border with German-controlled territory. †¦ Nazi leader Adolf Hitler claimed the massive invasion was a defensive action, but Britain and France were not convinced. On September 3, they declared war on Germany, initiating World War II. Germanys invasion per their economic policy pushed France and Britain too far and finally triggered the war. It was Germanys econ omic policy of expansions that triggered the war, nothing else.The above paragraphs of historical fact show that the war started before the Holocaust and its causes were independent of the causes of the Holocaust. We have seen how prejudice against Jews has built up over time and how the Nazi party took it to the extreme by starting a mass genocide in 1941 – the Holocaust. We have also seen that the Nazi solution to Germany’s economic problems relied on taking over countries to get resources and cheap labour, which eventually lead to the declaration of war in 1939. These were two independent paths.War was declared before the Holocaust and for reasons that had nothing to do with the Holocaust. The world didn’t even know in 1939 about the atrocity that was to come. This it is clear from historical fact that WWII was neither a cause of the Holocaust or a mask for it. ————————————â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ [ 1 ]. Bible Gate Way, Exodus 1:8-14 http://www. biblegateway. com/passage/? search=Exodus+1&version=GNT [ 2 ]. Wikipedia, â€Å"History of the Jews and the Crusades. † http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_and_the_Crusades [ 3 ]. Dr.Jerry Bergman, â€Å"Darwinism, Evolution, and Racism. † Bible Believers, http://www. biblebelievers. net/creationscience/kjcevol1. htm [ 4 ]. Hussein Ibish, â€Å"Anti-Semitism in The Merchant of Venice and The Jew of Malta,† The Weblog of Hussein Ibish, http://ibishblog. com/blog/hibish/2009/12/05/anti_semitism_merchant_venice_and_jew_malta [ 5 ]. Joseph Goebbels, â€Å"Germans, Buy only from the Jews!. † Calvin College – Minds In The Making. (Munich: Zentralverlag der NSDAP. , 1935), pp. 331-333 http://www. calvin. edu/academic/cas/gpa/angrif10. htm [ 6 ]. The Florida

The Red Room by HG Wells and A Little Place Off the Edgware Road By Graham Greene Essays

The Red Room by HG Wells and A Little Place Off the Edgware Road By Graham Greene Essays The Red Room by HG Wells and A Little Place Off the Edgware Road By Graham Greene Essay The Red Room by HG Wells and A Little Place Off the Edgware Road By Graham Greene Essay Essay Topic: Literature Ghost stories became extremely popular in the Victorian era. The reason for their overwhelming popularity was the fact that there were a lot of scientific discoveries being made at the time and it was a fictuous, supernatural element, which offered an escape from these serious life changing developments of the time. The Red Room was written in 1896, at the ed of the Victorian era, but is till a clear example of the genre. For Wells to write such a story was an interesting choice as he was most famous for his science fiction writing such as The Time Machine and War of the Worlds. Some of ghost stories main influences come from the Gothic traditions, with settings in large, old castles, gloomy settings and persecution. Although A little place off the Edgware Road was written in 1947 it clearly shows that it is rooted in its genre. Greene qouted Bishop Blougrams Apology, saying our interests on the dangerous edge of things. Both stories share the same central theme of ghost stories: the ability of the dead to return and confront the living, with The Red Room being much more traditional than A Little Place of the Edgware Road. The Red Room is set in the Victorian era in very traditional Gothic setings. It is situated in an old, dark, gloomy castle, in which the inhabitants are described in a manner which makes them seem goulish and ghostlike. The plot revolves around the young man who is staying in the castle purely so he can dispel any beliefs that the house is haunted. A little place off the edgware road although it deviates from many of the Gothic traditions, is deeply rooted in its genre. It is set in nineteen thirties London, and the main place of action is an old picture house, although the setting inside the picture house is very much in keeping to the Gothic tradition of ghost stories. The plot revolves around a man, Craven, a seedy character who has a deep dark fear that the body stays alive after death and burial and the ghosts of the corpses freely roam the earth as they looked when they were killed. He comes face to face with his darkest fear inside the cinema when he meets with what we are led to believe is a ghost. This ghost is the embodiment of all his fears, and ultimately results in Craven losing his mind. The Red Room is in first person narrative. This is again in keeping with the traditions of the genre. The reason that the story is written in this narrative is so that it makes the reader feel closer to the character. It is to make the reader feel emotive towards the narrator, so when he is scared the reader feels scared for him. The narrator in ghost stories is usually a completely normal person who has nothing strange or peculiar about them, thus overcoming the scepticism of the reader. The Red Room is no exception to the rule, the narrator in this story is a completely normal, unimaginative, clinical man, who is completely unsuperstitious, this is why the reader is so shocked when he becomes panicky and really believes there is a ghost in the room. The other story in comparison is completely in contrast to The Red Room. It is in the 3rd person narrative, and the male protagonist is not a normal, down to earth person, he is a seedy character, bordering on the edge of insanity. I believe Greene uses these options so that the reader can get a more in depth view of Cravens mental problems, because if he were describing himself he would obviously see himself as normal, so you wouldnt get the in depth description of him and his fears. As has already been explained above, the male protagonists in both stories are as far dissimilair from each other as is possible. The man in The Red Room is a young, intelligent man, who is very clinical about his observations, and is an unsuperstitious, unimaginative person. Wells uses words such as clinical observation when talking about the mans assessment of his surroundings. This gives off the impression that the man would like to dispel any doubt in his mind that there was a possibility of another creature or being in the room with him. However this clinical observation is not enough resulting in the man having to light candles and place them all around the room to get rid of any dancing shadows, strange shapes etc. The character in A Little Place off the Edgware Road is completely against the traditioanal normality. He is described as seedy, giving the impression that he is a kind of pervert, and the way he is dressed with his anorak done up right round his face gives the impression that he is a bit dirty and smelly. As the story goes on you start to understand that Craven is a bit mad. THe narrators description of his thoughts about death, that he hopes when he dies that is it, he does not want the body to live on after death because he has a twisted view of the afterlife, he believes that when a body is buried it does not decay, and it just roams underground the world, which is like a honeycomb, a labyrinth of tunnels, leading up into the real world, where they walk freely, bodies as they were when they were buried decrepit and decaying. Craven is very superstitious and does have some religious belief although it is described as being like a worm lodged in a nut, meaning it was inside of him but it was making him rotten, like a worm in a nut. Craven hates his body and carries it around like something he hates, he is extremeley jealous and envious of people who have good bodies, like the guardsmen. The settings of both stories are contrasting in some ways but similair in others. They are both situated in dark areas, The Red Room in the castle and A Little Place off the Edgware Road in a cinema. The eras in which they are both set, however, are contrasting, one is set before a time of much scientific discovery, and one after, ironically, it is the one set after the discoveries which contains the most doubt and superstition. The settings of both the stories help create an atmosphere of edginess, not quite knowing what lurks in the darkness beyond. BOth stories are set with some element of insanity in The Red Room it is the housekeepers who are senile, and in A Little Place off the Edgware Road it is Craven who is mad. Both stories are based over a relatively short period of time, both events take place in a just one evening or night. The Red Room builds up tension from the start when describing the houskeepers, he describes them as grotesque custodians this portrays the castle as not a very nice place to be, but when the man is having a conversation with these grotesque custodians they are trying to persuade him notto go to the room, telling him that it is haunted and that it is his own doing whether he goes up there or not, there is also added tension when they refuse to walk him to the room on account of being scared, there is also a recurring comment of this night of all nights leading you to believe that this was a significant night in the haunting of the room. When the man is walking to the Red Room he fills in the reader with the details of the haunting of the room, that two people have died as a result of the room, and that the stairs outside the door had been involved in both incidents. However as the man is clinical in his observations he dismisses these deaths as untimely heart attacks and stumbles etc. On his journey to the room the man describes his surroundings and describes when he sees the shadows of the brass and thinks that it may be a creature. THis adds tension because he says he stood there for a while with his hand on his revolver, scared, when he knew it was just a trick of the light, this adds tension because it shows that even this man who seems scared of nothing was scared by a trick of shadows, showing his humanity and vulnerabiluity. When he gets to the room he describes the darkness, and how it had the eerie feeling of a prescence and this leads him to get the candles. When the main event starts happening, at first he dismisses it as a gust of wind so as not to get wound up but when he starts panicking he creates tension as his descriptions become more frantic and you feel his desperation. When all the lights go out tension is at a maximum with him running like a blind man, and eventually it climaxes with him knocking himself out. A Little Place off the Edgware Road the suspense builds up with the narrators description of Cravens dreams, of his grotesque underground labyrinth of corpses. THis makes the reader feel as if Craven is possibly a bit crazy. Then the tension dies down until he gets to the cinema where his dreams recur again, describing peoplelaying down as corpses sprawled out, when the film starts to play it is about the fall of a Roman Empire, the fall of a once great thing, which is the impression we get which has happened to Craven. When the ghost comes into the room you do not know that it is a ghost from the description, Greene uses the lack of visibilty well in his descriptions of Cravens impression, because Craven cannot see the ghost in a detailed way he does not know what is wrong with him. He describes him like the man in the Red Room describes the housekeepers, that he is disgusting. You are made to wonder what is wrong with the man because Craven is describing him as mad, yet Craven is mad aswell, which shows how mad he thinks the little man is. However when he starts talking about the murder and how he knows about them things you begin to believe as does Craven that the man is a murderer and just as Craven goes to confront him he is gone, leaving all the tension lingering. The endings are not dissimilar in the way that they both involve a change in the protagonist. The Red Roomhas a double twist, it ends with the man saying that indeed the room is haunted, leading you to believe that he has changed his views on the supernatural, only to be twisted again to say that it is no haunted by fear but by Fear. He says that fear gets to you and doesnt let go until it tips you over the edge and its all down to the human imagination. Soin fact he hadnt changed his mind but comes up with a logical explanation for it. However it doe leave a question open for the reader, whether they believe him that it was purely fear, or that it was a ghost and the man knows this and is just saying this to keep up appearances. A Little Place off the Edgware Road finishes with a twist as well, when Craven decides that the man is in fact a murderer and goes to inform the Police, he is confronted by his deepest fear, that the man he was actually speaking with in the cinema was in fact the ghost of the murdered body. This tips Craven over the edge and he finally goes compeltey mad.

Cane toads essays

Cane toads essays These toads were being used successfully in the Caribbean islands and in Hawaii to combat the cane beetle, a pest of sugar cane crops. After good reviews from overseas, Hawaii shipped a box of toads to Gordonvale, just south of Cairns. These were held in captivity for awhile and then they were released into the sugar cane fields of the tropic north. It was later discovered that the toads can't jump very high so they did not eat the cane beetles which stayed up on the upper stalks of the cane plants. At the time of year when the beetle's larvae were emerging from the ground, no toads were about. So the cane toad, as it came to be known, had no impact on the cane beetles at all and farmers had to go back to the use of chemicals to kill the beetle. Meanwhile, the 'cat was out of the bag' or, more accurately, the toads were out of the box! But there were only 102 of them so nobody gave any thought to catching them up again and disposing of them. The toads were on their own and they prove d to be very hardy survivors. They turned out to be a lot more than they bargained for and it didn't take long to find out how well the toads would do in their new Australian home. Firstly, they breed like flies, as the saying goes. Each pair of cane toads can lay 20,000 per breeding season. Their 'toadpoles' develop faster than many Australian frogs so they can out compete our frogs for food. Toads and toadpoles seem to be resistant to some herbicides and eutrophic water which would normally kill frogs and tadpoles. All stages of a toad's life are poisonous so they have no natural predators to keep their numbers in check. Finally, toads not only eat the food normally available to Australian frogs, there is growing anecdotal evidence that they eat frogs as well. Captive cane toads will eat everything from dog food to mice and they keep growing until they reach 25cm in length and over 2 kilos. In recent years, it has been noticed that toads in the Cairns are...

UnitedHealth Group Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

UnitedHealth Group - Assignment Example The paper tells that through its sub-branches, the UnitedHealth group serves about 70 million individuals across the United States. In 2011, the company had net earnings of $5.142billion. UnitedHealth Group is the mother of United Healthcare founded in 1977 as unites healthcare cooperation. The firm has two foundations, namely, the United Healthcare Children Foundation and the United Healthcare Foundation that were announced in 1999. The foundations are heavily involved in providing information that helps in decision-making within the US that promote better health outcomes and healthy populations, like in their partnership with the America’s Health Rankings. In addition, the foundations are involved in supporting activities that sponsor quality health care for the less fortunate through collaborations with other counterpart organizations. United Healthcare, through its human resource department, maintains a sustainable working environment. The department, through collaboration s with outside occupational health service providers, conducts an annual assessment of the workforce management activities. The United Healthcare foundations, through their human resource department, conduct research on workers’ welfare, patient facilities, and conducts workforce analyses. The firm analyzes its databases, and the physician supply and demand models to understand current issues and forecast future possible outcomes ascribed to the delivery of healthcare.

Recommendations for building and maintaining bone matrix and reducing Essay

Recommendations for building and maintaining bone matrix and reducing the risk of osteoporosis - Essay Example The incidence of fractures increases steeply with age, and is higher among women than men. Bone mass is the chief determinant of bone strength, and the loss of bone occurs silently and progressively, often without symptoms until the first fracture occurs. The size and density of bone are mainly dependent on genetic factors, but lifestyle factors such as good nutrition and regular exercise, the avoidance of smoking and excessive alcohol intake are also crucial to building and maintaining bone matrix (IOF, 2006). In the case of women, bone loss in the spine begins at or shortly before the menopause, and as early as the mid-30s in the femoral neck (Christodoulou & Cooper, 2003). The years following menopause bring about radical depletion in bone mineral density as a result of decreased estrogen levels. Hence, building up a surplus even while bone density is normal at a young age, is considered essential. Bone density increases with the help of preventative therapy â€Å"much more readily before having osteoporosis, let alone a fracture† (Lineback, 2003: 43). The recom mendations for building and maintaining bone matrix and reducing the risk of osteoporosis are as follows: 1. Nutritious Diet: Calcium is a major building block of bone tissue. An adequate calcium intake which meets the dietary requirements has to be ensured at each stage of life (IOF, 2006). The amount of calcium required by the body differs at different stages: the requirement being high in the teenage years with the rapid growth of the skeleton during which time the body’s efficiency to absorb calcium from the food increases. Milk and other dairy products are rich dietary sources of calcium, besides having the additional advantage of being good sources of protein and other micronutrients that are important for bone and general health. Other good food sources of calcium include green